Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by which of the following?

Metabolic alkalosis is indeed characterized by increased pH levels along with increased bicarbonate concentration in the blood. This condition occurs when there is a loss of acid or an excess of bicarbonate, leading to a rise in blood pH.

In situations that cause metabolic alkalosis, such as prolonged vomiting or the excessive use of diuretics, the bicarbonate levels can increase as the body tries to compensate for the loss of hydrogen ions, resulting in an elevated pH. The defining features of metabolic alkalosis are a significant increase in the bicarbonate concentration (usually above the normal range) and a corresponding rise in blood pH, indicating alkalinity.

Other options do not reflect the correct parameters for metabolic alkalosis. Decreased pH, normal bicarbonate, or combinations of increased bicarbonate with decreased pH describe other acid-base disturbances like metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis, rather than the alkalosis condition in question. Recognizing the specific changes in pH and bicarbonate levels is crucial for diagnosing and managing acid-base imbalances effectively in neonates and patients in critical care settings.