What are some common adverse effects of caffeine in neonates?

Caffeine is often used in the neonatal population, particularly for the management of apnea of prematurity. Understanding the common adverse effects of caffeine in this group is crucial for effective patient care. Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, which leads to an increase in the heart rate. This effect is particularly relevant in neonates who may already have cardiovascular instability.

Additionally, caffeine can cause increased irritability and restlessness. Neonates, especially preterm ones, are naturally sensitive to stimulants due to their underdeveloped systems. Therefore, monitoring for increased irritability and variations in heart rate is essential in the clinical setting.

The other answers do not align with typical effects observed in neonates receiving caffeine. While weight gain and metabolic rate changes can be influenced by various factors, they are not direct adverse effects of caffeine. Low respiratory rates and sedation would be counterproductive when treating apnea of prematurity, and hypotension does not typically result from caffeine, which is more aligned with stimulating effects rather than depressant ones. Normal feeding tolerance is generally unaffected by caffeine use. Understanding these aspects is essential for neonatal nurses and ensuring the safety and well-being of this vulnerable population.