What characterizes central apnea?

Central apnea is characterized by a loss of diaphragmatic function, which results in the cessation of respiratory effort. This condition occurs when the brain fails to send the appropriate signals to the muscles that control breathing, leading to a temporary pause in breathing. Unlike obstructive apnea, where air flow is interrupted due to physical blockage (such as in the airway), central apnea results from a lack of respiratory drive.

In this context, it's crucial to note that central apnea can lead to significant clinical concerns, especially in neonates, as these pauses can last for longer durations compared to obstructive events. Recognizing central apnea is important for ensuring proper monitoring and intervention in the neonatal population, as it may require different management approaches.

The other options describe different aspects of respiratory function. Interruption of airflow due to obstruction refers to obstructive apnea, which involves blocked airways but with respiratory efforts still present. Short pauses of less than 3 seconds are characteristic of normal breathing patterns, particularly in neonates, which may not reach the diagnostic threshold for apnea. The presence of respiratory effort without air flow suggests a scenario similar to obstructive apnea where the muscles are working, but flow is compromised; however, this does not tie directly to the central mechanism where diaphragmatic