What characterizes spina bifida occulta?

Spina bifida occulta is characterized by a defect in the bony encasement of the spinal cord where there is an incomplete fusion of the vertebral arches. This condition typically involves the vertebral bone without any visible signs on the skin, such as a sac or protrusion. Instead, the defect is often covered by skin, and signs may only be detected through imaging studies or noted by the presence of small dimples or tufts of hair at the site.

This distinction is important because it differentiates spina bifida occulta from more severe forms of spina bifida, where the spinal cord or nerves may be involved and may present with visible protrusions or cysts on the surface. Cases like spina bifida cystica do exhibit such protrusions, while occulta remains hidden beneath the skin, typically asymptomatic and sometimes incidentally found during routine imaging. Understanding the nature of spina bifida occulta is crucial in neonatal care and diagnosis, as it can ensure appropriate monitoring and management of the condition.