What factor increases the risk of evaporation heat loss in preterm infants?

The immature skin barrier of preterm infants is a significant factor that increases the risk of evaporation heat loss. Preterm infants have thinner skin compared to term infants, which makes them more susceptible to insensible water loss through the skin. The skin barrier is not fully developed, leading to increased permeability and making it easier for moisture to escape. This heightened vulnerability to evaporative loss can result in hypothermia and dehydration if not managed appropriately.

In contrast, options that mention thick skin or increased body fat suggest a protective mechanism against evaporation. High humidity is also a condition that could reduce evaporation by limiting the gradient between the skin and the surrounding environment. Therefore, recognizing the challenges posed by the immature skin barrier is crucial in neonatal care to prevent heat loss and maintain optimal thermal stability in preterm infants.