What is a primary cause of pneumothorax in neonates?

Pneumothorax in neonates primarily occurs due to uneven ventilation, which can lead to overdistension of alveoli and subsequent rupture. In the neonatal population, particularly those who are mechanically ventilated or have underlying respiratory distress syndromes, the pressure changes in the lungs can cause air to escape into the pleural space. This dynamic can be exacerbated by factors such as improper ventilator settings, surfactant deficiency, or abrupt pressure changes during respiratory interventions.

While the other options may contribute to adverse respiratory outcomes, they are not recognized as the primary causes of pneumothorax. Delayed cord clamping primarily affects blood volume and does not directly cause pneumothorax. Inadequate surfactant therapy relates more to alveolar collapse and respiratory distress rather than pneumothorax. Excessive fluid administration can lead to other complications but is not a direct cause of pneumothorax itself. Understanding the mechanics of ventilation and the vulnerability of neonatal lungs is crucial for preventing this serious condition.