What is a recognized neonatal risk factor for sepsis?

The correct answer is low birth weight. Low birth weight is a significant risk factor for neonatal sepsis due to the immature immune systems of these infants. Infants with low birth weight often have underdeveloped organs and poorer overall health, making them more susceptible to infections, including sepsis. Their compromised state can hinder their ability to respond effectively to pathogens.

In contrast, while advanced maternal age and male gender have been studied in relation to various neonatal outcomes, they are not specifically as clearly defined as direct risk factors for sepsis. Single pregnancy, on the other hand, generally does not constitute a heightened risk for sepsis compared to multiple births, where the risk is often elevated due to various factors including prematurity and share of in utero environments.

In summary, low birth weight is associated with a higher vulnerability to infections and complications, including sepsis, due to the associated physiological challenges these infants face.