What is a significant consequence of Rh incompatibility?

Rh incompatibility can lead to erythroblastosis fetalis, a serious condition that occurs when an Rh-negative mother produces antibodies against Rh-positive fetal red blood cells. This immune response typically happens when fetal blood cells enter the maternal circulation. The mother's antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells, leading to hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells). This hemolysis results in anemia and can cause a compensatory increase in red blood cell production by the fetus, leading to erythroblastosis, where immature red blood cells (erythroblasts) are released into circulation.

The significance of erythroblastosis fetalis lies in its potential complications. If untreated, it can lead to severe fetal anemia, heart failure, hydrops fetalis (a severe swelling), and even fetal demise. Early recognition and management, including possible intrauterine transfusion or treatment postnatally, are critical in preventing the severe sequelae associated with this condition.

Other options such as hemoconcentration, pneumonia, and pulmonary hypoplasia do not directly result from Rh incompatibility. Hemoconcentration refers to an increased concentration of cells and solids in the blood and is often related to dehydration or blood loss. Pneumonia is