What is observed during the physical examination of myelomeningocele?

In cases of myelomeningocele, the most critical observation during a physical examination is the exposure of spinal nerves at the lumbar region. Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida where the spinal cord and surrounding structures, including nerves, protrude through an opening in the spine, often leading to a significant defect in the vertebral column.

When examining a newborn with myelomeningocele, healthcare providers will often find that this sac-like structure containing spinal fluid, nerves, and portions of the spinal cord is exposed, making the spinal nerves visible. This condition poses a high risk for various complications, including infection and neurological impairment.

In contrast, the other options present characteristics that do not accurately describe myelomeningocele. For example, having the meninges covered under the skin (the first option) would indicate a different type of defect, while stating that only a vertebral defect is visible (the third option) misrepresents the nature of the condition, which involves a visible sac. Lastly, the presence of normal spinal covering (the fourth option) does not occur in myelomeningocele, as the defect involves a protrusion of the spinal cord and nerves through an abnormal opening. Therefore, recognizing exposed