What is the hallmark of periodic breathing?

The hallmark of periodic breathing in neonates is characterized by three or more respiratory pauses that last for 3 seconds or longer. This condition is quite common in premature infants, given their immature respiratory control mechanisms. It typically involves a cycle of irregular breath patterns followed by pauses.

The significance of recognizing this pattern lies in its physiological basis; periodic breathing is often considered benign and is distinct from other forms of apnea, as it does not usually indicate a pathological condition. Understanding this helps in differentiating it from more concerning respiratory issues, thereby ensuring appropriate management and monitoring.

In contrast, regular pauses that exceed 20 seconds suggest a more serious form of apnea, which warrants further evaluation. Complete cessation of breathing indicates apnea, which is not merely periodic. Short irregular breathing patterns can occur but do not encapsulate the required characteristics of periodic breathing noted in the question. Therefore, recognizing the correct definition of periodic breathing as involving multiple pauses of sufficient duration is key in neonatal assessment.