What is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis?

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is recognized as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. This bacterial infection is particularly concerning because it can be transmitted from mother to baby during labor and delivery. Infants who are infected with GBS may present with signs of sepsis within the first week of life, manifesting as respiratory distress, poor feeding, lethargy, and temperature instability. In severe cases, GBS can lead to meningitis, which is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

The critical aspect of GBS is its capability to colonize the gastrointestinal and genital tracts of pregnant women, making screening and preventive measures significant in neonatal care. The administration of intrapartum antibiotics to mothers who are identified as colonized with GBS has significantly reduced the incidence of early-onset disease in newborns. Recognizing GBS as a primary pathogen helps healthcare teams develop adequate strategies for prevention and prompt treatment in neonates, ensuring better outcomes for this vulnerable population.