What is the most common neonatal infection?

The most common neonatal infection is sepsis, which occurs due to the body's response to infection, typically from bacteria that invade the bloodstream. Neontates are particularly vulnerable to sepsis because their immune systems are still developing, and they may not have enough maternal antibodies for protection.

In the neonatal population, sepsis can present with nonspecific symptoms such as lethargy, irritability, poor feeding, and temperature instability, making early detection challenging. The risk factors for sepsis include preterm birth, low birth weight, and prolonged rupture of membranes.

While pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and meningitis are significant conditions in neonates, they are less common than sepsis. Pneumonia usually results from aspiration or infection but occurs less frequently than sepsis in this population. Bronchiolitis typically affects older infants and children caused by viral infections. Meningitis, though severe, is also less prevalent in neonates compared to the rates of sepsis.

Understanding sepsis as the leading cause of neonatal infection highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment, integral to improving outcomes in this vulnerable population.