What is the primary mode of transmission for late onset GBS?

The primary mode of transmission for late-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is indeed person-to-person transmission. Late-onset GBS infections typically occur in infants who are over one week of age and is often associated with exposure to colonized caregivers, such as parents or healthcare providers. This form of transmission highlights the importance of hygiene practices and infection control measures in neonatal intensive care settings, where the susceptibility of infants, especially those who are preterm or have low birth weight, makes them more vulnerable to infections.

Vertical transmission from mother mainly applies to early-onset GBS, which occurs during labor and delivery. Intrapartum transmission refers to the process during childbirth when the baby may be exposed to the bacteria as the mother carries it in her genital tract. Environmental transmission might be considered in certain contexts, but it is less significant compared to direct exposure from person-to-person contact. Understanding the primary mode of transmission helps in implementing appropriate preventive measures and educating caregivers in neonatal care environments.