What is the purpose of the indirect Coombs test in pregnant women?

The indirect Coombs test is crucial in the context of pregnancy because it specifically screens for antibodies in the mother's blood that could lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). This condition arises when maternal antibodies target fetal red blood cells, potentially causing significant anemia and jaundice in the infant. By identifying these antibodies early in pregnancy, healthcare providers can monitor and manage the risks more effectively, ensuring appropriate interventions are taken to protect the fetus.

The other options, while related to various aspects of maternal-fetal health, do not accurately describe the primary function of the indirect Coombs test. It is not used to diagnose autoimmune diseases or measure erythropoietin levels, nor is it employed to directly assess fetal blood type compatibility. Instead, it focuses specifically on detecting the presence of antibodies that might lead to complications in the newborn.