What is used to determine the chromosomal composition of an individual?

The karyotype is a fundamental tool used to determine the chromosomal composition of an individual. It involves the visualization and analysis of an individual's chromosomes, which are stained and arranged in a standard format, allowing for the identification of chromosomal abnormalities such as aneuploidies, translocations, and deletions. By examining the number and structure of the chromosomes, healthcare providers can diagnose genetic disorders, assess developmental issues, or evaluate the potential for heritable conditions.

While genetic testing encompasses a broader range of techniques, including sequencing and mutation analysis, it does not specifically focus on providing a comprehensive view of the chromosomal structure in the same way a karyotype does. Biopsy analysis generally refers to examining tissue specimens for signs of disease, which is not geared towards chromosomal analysis. Diagnostic imaging techniques, such as X-rays or ultrasounds, are used for visualizing structures within the body but do not provide information about chromosomal composition. Therefore, the karyotype stands out as the precise method for evaluating the chromosomal makeup of an individual.