What treatment is indicated for a hydrocele if it persists beyond one year of age?

When a hydrocele persists beyond one year of age, surgical intervention is indicated as the primary treatment. The reason for this is based on the understanding of hydroceles, which are fluid collections in the scrotum that typically resolve spontaneously in infants and young children. If a hydrocele remains beyond one year, the concern is that it may be associated with underlying issues such as a patent processus vaginalis or other anatomical abnormalities.

Surgical intervention, specifically a procedure called hydrocelectomy, is performed to correct the condition and prevent potential complications such as infection, discomfort, or interference with normal testicular function. In addition, surgery effectively removes the fluid and closes the opening that may allow future fluid accumulation.

While regular monitoring and observation can be appropriate for hydroceles in younger infants, the persistence of the condition beyond the first year increases the likelihood of complications, necessitating an intervention to ensure the best long-term outcomes for the child. Therefore, surgical intervention is the appropriate course of action for hydroceles that do not resolve by this age.