Which condition is likely to occur due to failure to transition successfully after birth?

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The condition that is most likely to occur due to failure to transition successfully after birth is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). During the transition to extrauterine life, the newborn's circulatory system undergoes significant changes to accommodate breathing air instead of relying on placental circulation. If this transition fails, it can lead to an inability to appropriately decrease pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and reduced blood flow to the lungs. This condition presents as severe hypoxemia and may require intervention such as supplemental oxygen or medications to manage.

In contrast, acute respiratory distress syndrome can arise from a variety of causes including infections or trauma. Meconium aspiration syndrome typically occurs when a newborn inhales a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs, often seen in cases where the fetus experiences stress or is overdue. Transient tachypnea of the newborn, often referred to as "wet lung," is related to retained fluid in the lungs and usually occurs after a complicated delivery or c-section, resolving within a few days. Though all these conditions may have links to the transition process after birth, PPHN is specifically characterized by the failure of vascular changes and is directly associated with compromised transition at birth

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