Which defect accounts for approximately 15-20% of all congenital heart defects and is the most common acyanotic defect?

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is recognized as the most common acyanotic congenital heart defect, accounting for approximately 15-20% of all congenital heart defects. This condition occurs when there is an abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.

VSD allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to flow into the right ventricle and subsequently into the lungs, rather than circulating to the rest of the body. This left-to-right shunt is characteristic of acyanotic defects, as it usually does not lead to cyanosis (not enough oxygen in the blood) since the blood being shunted is already oxygenated.

Understanding the prevalence of VSD within the broader spectrum of congenital heart defects is crucial for recognizing its significance in clinical practice. Its impact on hemodynamics can lead to various complications if not identified and managed appropriately. This can vary from benign conditions requiring no treatment to severe cases necessitating surgical intervention, especially when it leads to heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.

Overall, the identification of VSD as a leading congenital heart defect underscores the importance of early diagnosis and monitoring to ensure optimal outcomes for affected infants.