Which hernia occurs below the inguinal ligament?

A femoral hernia is the type of hernia that occurs below the inguinal ligament. This anatomical distinction is crucial; the inguinal ligament separates the upper region of the thigh from the lower abdominal cavity. In contrast to inguinal hernias, which occur above the inguinal ligament and are more common, femoral hernias are located within the femoral canal, which is situated just below the inguinal ligament.

Femoral hernias often present a higher risk of incarceration or strangulation compared to other types of hernias, given their anatomical positioning in a tighter space. This is critical knowledge when assessing and managing patients with hernias, particularly in a neonatal or pediatric context, where such complications can pose significant health risks.

Umbilical hernias, on the other hand, occur at the umbilicus and are not associated with the inguinal ligament. Epigastric hernias happen in the midline of the abdomen above the umbilicus and fall outside the realm of inguinal or femoral considerations. Understanding these distinctions is vital for diagnosis, treatment planning, and educating caregivers about potential surgical interventions.