Which of the following conditions can cause respiratory acidosis?

Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body due to inadequate ventilation, leading to decreased blood pH. Apnea, which is a temporary cessation of breathing, directly results in reduced carbon dioxide excretion. When breathing stops, carbon dioxide levels rise, causing the blood to become more acidic, and thus resulting in respiratory acidosis.

In this context, other conditions listed play different roles: hyperventilation would typically lead to respiratory alkalosis because it results in excessive expulsion of carbon dioxide. Myocardial infarction can contribute to a complex set of metabolic and respiratory alterations, but it does not directly cause respiratory acidosis. Vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric acid, rather than affecting carbon dioxide levels.

Understanding the mechanisms by which apnea leads to respiratory acidosis highlights the importance of effective ventilation in maintaining acid-base balance in the body.