Which symptom is commonly associated with HIV infection in a newborn?

Enlarged lymph nodes are a commonly observed symptom associated with HIV infection in newborns. When an infant is infected with HIV, the virus can induce a generalized immune response that often leads to lymphadenopathy, which is the swelling of lymph nodes due to the body responding to the virus and other potential infections. This is significant because lymph nodes are integral parts of the immune system, and their enlargement can indicate an ongoing infection or increased immune response.

While other symptoms like persistent jaundice, frequent diaper rash, and difficulty breastfeeding may occur in various contexts, they are not typically direct indications of HIV infection in a newborn. For example, persistent jaundice may arise from various causes such as hemolytic disease or biliary atresia. Frequent diaper rash often results from irritants and isn't specific to an infectious process like HIV. Difficulty breastfeeding might be due to multiple factors ranging from maternal issues to anatomical problems in the infant, rather than being a hallmark of HIV infection. Thus, the presence of enlarged lymph nodes in a newborn is a significant indicator that warrants consideration of underlying conditions such as HIV.